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Current Approaches to Bioremediation of Newly Discovered Contaminants
Summary
This review surveys bioremediation strategies—using microbes, plants, and enzymes—for degrading or immobilizing emerging contaminants including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and PFAS that conventional treatment systems fail to eliminate. Biological approaches offer sustainable, lower-energy alternatives to chemical treatment, though scaling them up to handle the volume and variety of contaminants entering waterways remains an active challenge.
The increasing prevalence of emerging contaminants—such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, microplastics, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)—poses a significant challenge to traditional...