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Role of Emergent Pollutants on the Macro-Community of Planktons
Summary
This review examines how emerging contaminants — including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, industrial chemicals, and microplastics — enter aquatic environments through wastewater discharge, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition, and how they affect plankton macro-community structure. The authors evaluate removal strategies including adsorption, oxidation, and combined biological-technological treatments, and recommend strict discharge controls to protect plankton populations.
Plankton communities are increasingly threatened by emerging contaminants, which have been major problems in recent years. The many forms of emergent contaminants, their entry points into aquatic environments, their effects on plankton, and their removal tactics were all covered in this comprehensive review. The review outcomes indicated that emergent pollutants encompass chemicals of all kinds, including industrial chemicals, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and microplastics. Also, numerous routes, such as atmospheric deposition, agricultural runoff, and wastewater discharges, allow these pollutants to reach aquatic environments. However, EPs may be effectively removed from water using adsorption, oxidation, or a mix of biological and technological treatment procedures. In conclusion, it is advised that strict controls (such as using dishwashers and detergent free of phosphates, disposing of hazardous chemicals and medical waste properly, and sediment control measures) should be implemented on the discharge of EPs into aquatic environments to protect the plankton population. Future technologies that could remove the broadest range of EPs while using minimal energy and capital costs should be developed.