Application of marine sponges for biomonitoring active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in coral reefs. Optimization of an SPME and ESI-LC-MS/MS method
Marine Pollution Bulletin2024
1 citation
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Davide Riseri,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Valerio Isa,
Valerio Isa,
Valerio Isa,
Enrico Montalbetti,
Enrico Montalbetti,
Francesco Saliu,
Alessandro Becchi,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Valerio Isa,
Davide Seveso,
Valerio Isa,
Davide Seveso,
Davide Seveso,
Alessandro Becchi,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Valerio Isa,
Valerio Isa,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Enrico Montalbetti,
Davide Seveso,
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Valerio Isa,
Paolo Galli
Enrico Montalbetti,
Francesco Saliu,
Valerio Isa,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Valerio Isa,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Francesco Saliu,
Paolo Galli
Tommaso Gatti,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Francesco Saliu,
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Davide Seveso,
Davide Seveso,
Tommaso Gatti,
Alessandro Becchi,
Alessandro Becchi,
Davide Seveso,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Alessandro Becchi,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Davide Seveso,
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Davide Riseri,
Francesco Saliu,
Enrico Montalbetti,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Francesco Saliu,
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Marina Lasagni,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Paolo Galli
Davide Seveso,
Davide Seveso,
Davide Seveso,
Francesco Saliu,
Davide Seveso,
Francesco Saliu,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Davide Seveso,
Enrico Montalbetti,
Marina Lasagni,
Paolo Galli
Summary
Researchers tested marine sponges of the genus Cf. Hyrtios as biomonitors for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in coral reef environments, conducting a pilot study in the Faafu Atoll of the Maldives using in vivo solid-phase microextraction and LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. All sponges from inner reef sites were contaminated with at least one API, with gabapentin and carbamazepine showing the highest detection rates and ketoprofen reaching concentrations up to 15.7 ng/g.
Study Type
In vivo
Chemical pollution is a threat to coral reefs. To preserve them, it is crucial to monitor novel contaminants and assess the related risks. The occurrence of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in coral reefs has been poorly investigated until now. Under this light, we tested the use of the marine sponge Cf. Hyrtios as bio-monitors and conducted a pilot study in the Faafu Atoll (Maldives). Analyses were carried out by in vivo solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Twelve APIs were selected for method optimization. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) were in the 0.6 and 2.5 ng/g range, accuracy between 86.5 % and 104.7 %, and precision between 3.0 % and 14.9 %. All the sponges located in the inner reefs resulted contaminated with at least one API. Gabapentin and Carbamazepine displayed the highest detection rates, while Ketoprofen had the highest concentration (up to 15.7 ng/g).