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Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation in Environmental Toxicology: an Ayurvedic Interpretation Through Dushivisha and Garavisha"
Summary
This review compares modern environmental toxicology concepts of biomagnification and bioaccumulation with Ayurvedic toxicological constructs of Dushivisha and Garavisha, which describe slow-acting cumulative poisons. The analysis found notable parallels between these frameworks in their understanding of how toxic substances, including microplastics, concentrate through food chains and accumulate in organisms over time. The study proposes that integrating these traditional and modern perspectives could inform more holistic strategies for addressing chronic environmental toxicity.
Biomagnification refers to the progressive concentration of toxic substances as they move up the food chain, whereas bioaccumulation describes the gradual build-up of toxins within an organism over time. Modern environmental toxicology identifies these mechanisms as major contributors to chronic toxicity arising from pesticides, heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), microplastics, and synthetic chemicals. Ayurveda, particularly Agadatantra (toxicology), presents comparable concepts through Dushivisha and Garavisha—forms of slow-acting, cumulative, and artificial poisons. This narrative review provides a comparative analysis of modern toxicological principles and Ayurvedic constructs, highlighting shared mechanisms, clinical manifestations, public health implications, and integrative detoxification strategies. Recognizing these intersections may contribute to more comprehensive approaches for addressing chronic environmental toxicity and developing preventive and therapeutic strategies.