Bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals and microplastics in shellfish (Meretrix lyrata): A preliminary study in the Bay of Bengal

Microplastic ingestion and potential risk assessment on commercial and non-commercial marine fish in the Bay of Bengal

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Researchers analyzed microplastic contamination in six coral reef fish species from Saint Martin's Island in the Bay of Bengal, finding 100% occurrence rates, with 4-10 microplastics per gastrointestinal tract dominated by polypropylene and polyethylene fibers, and polymer hazard index scores classifying all species in the high-risk 'Danger' category.

Abundance and characteristics of microplastics in shellfish from Jiaozhou Bay, China

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Researchers found microplastics in both wild and farmed oysters and clams from China's Jiaozhou Bay, estimating that average seafood consumption exposes Chinese consumers to over 1,200 microplastic particles per person per year through shellfish alone.

A baseline dataset for microplastic bioaccumulation in seafood in Andaman waters: a preliminary study indicating anthropogenic threat in the food chain of the Island ecosystem

Interactions Between Microplastic and Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Environment: Implications for Toxicity and Mitigation Strategies

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This review examined how microplastics interact with heavy metals in aquatic environments, showing that temperature, pH, salinity, polymer type, and particle size modulate adsorption, desorption, and combined toxicity, with MPs acting as mobile heavy metal carriers throughout aquatic food webs. Understanding the synergistic toxicity of MPs and heavy metals is essential because their combined effects on aquatic organisms—and on humans consuming contaminated seafood—likely exceed the hazard of either pollutant alone.

Advances in quantification, degradation and ecotoxicology of microplastics in marine resources

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Researchers reviewed quantification methods, degradation processes, and ecotoxicological effects of microplastics in marine resources, finding that bivalves, fish, and invertebrates accumulate plastic particles that trigger oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and inflammation while current detection methods for nanoplastics remain underdeveloped.