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From Pathogenesis to Treatment: Targeting Type-2 Inflammation in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Summary
This review explores the molecular pathways behind eosinophilic esophagitis, a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus driven by type-2 immune responses. Researchers summarized recent advances in understanding the disease's connection to other allergic conditions and identified new molecular targets for treatment. The study highlights how emerging biologic therapies may offer more targeted relief for patients with this condition.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus. EoE shares a common pathogenetic mechanism with other chronic disorders pertaining to the type 2 inflammatory spectrum, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The recent advancements in EoE pathogenesis understanding have unveiled new molecular targets implied within the "atopic march" picture as well as specific to EoE. These discoveries have led to the clinical evaluation of several novel drugs (monoclonal antibodies and immune modulators), specifically aimed at the modulation of Th2 inflammation. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the subtle mechanisms of type 2 inflammatory disorders, highlighting the similarities and differences with EoE, taking a deeper look into the evolving field of biologic therapies, already approved or under current investigation.
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