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Interspecific Difference in Foliar Retention and Translocation of Nanoplastics by Typical Salt-Secreting and Salt-Excluding Mangrove Drives Species-Specific Photosynthetic Impairment Mechanisms

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Luya Wang, Bigui Lin, Bigui Lin, Bigui Lin, Bigui Lin, Yichun Lin, Yichun Lin, Yichun Lin, Luya Wang, Yichun Lin, Tingting Guan, Bigui Lin, Tingting Guan, Bigui Lin, Bigui Lin, Beibei Liu, Tingting Guan, Xucheng Wang, Tingting Guan, Xucheng Wang, Yichun Lin, Yichun Lin, Chaoxian Wei, Qinfen Li Qinfen Li Bigui Lin, Qinfen Li Yichun Lin, Qinfen Li, Qinfen Li Bigui Lin, Qinfen Li Qinfen Li

Summary

Researchers found that nanoplastics landing on mangrove leaves behave very differently depending on the species: salt-secreting mangroves accumulate nanoplastics in their salt glands and transport them deep into leaf tissues, disrupting the carbon-fixing dark reactions of photosynthesis, while salt-excluding mangroves trap particles on the leaf surface instead, blocking light capture. This matters because salt-secreting mangroves act as biological concentrators of airborne nanoplastics, potentially undermining the carbon storage function of coastal ecosystems.

Body Systems

Integumentary

Mangroves have become significant sinks for atmospheric nanoplastics (NPs) via foliar capture, posing an urgent ecological threat on their photosynthetic carbon fixation. This study investigated the foliar interactions between negatively charged NPs and two mangroves with contrasting salt-regulation strategies: the salt-secreting Aegiceras corniculatum and the salt-excluding K. candel. The findings indicated that the salt glands in A. corniculatum leaves functioned as NP accumulation hotspots, with a 53.2%-54.1% higher particle density than adjacent epidermal cells. This preferential retention was attributed to the glandular micromorphology and π-π stacking-mediated interfacial adhesion. Critically, salt glands provided entry points for NP internalization in A. corniculatum, allowing rootward translocation at 0.378-0.547 mg kg-1 d-1. Conversely, the absence of salt glands in K. candel resulted in complete NP interception by its cuticular layer, restricting internal migration. The differential NP localization patterns further induced species-specific photosynthetic impairment mechanisms. Cuticular NP shielding inhibited the light reaction in K. candel by reducing photon capture efficiency and disrupting electron transport. However, salt gland-facilitated NP internalization triggered dark reaction failure in A. corniculatum, as evidenced by 35.1 to 68.3% downregulation of carbon fixation genes. Our results reveal the role of salt-secreting mangroves as biological concentrators in the global NP cycle and bridge microscale plastic-plant interactions with macroscale carbon-climate feedbacks, redefining mangrove ecosystems as critical nodes in the plastisphere.

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