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Sex-specific gene expression alterations in response to ingested PVC microplastics in Wistar rats
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Researchers examined sex-specific differences in gene expression changes in mice exposed to PVC microplastics via ingestion, finding that male and female animals responded differently at the molecular level. The sex-specific patterns suggest that biological sex may be an important variable in microplastic health risk assessments.
Exposure to microplastics to humans is of growing concern, as humans are exposed to microplastic particles daily through ingestion and inhalation. Ingestion of contaminated food and beverages, as well as the leaching of microplastics from food contact materials, is believed to be the primary route of human exposure. This study aims to investigate the effects of ingested polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastic on overall's wellbeing and gene expression in several organs in Wistar rats. Methods: The animals were exposed to self-made irregular PVC particles with a continuous size distribution ( Also see: https://micro2024.sciencesconf.org/559171/document
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Sex-specific gene expression alterations in response to ingested PVC microplastics in Wistar rats
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Researchers investigated sex-specific differences in gene expression changes triggered by PVC microplastic ingestion, examining whether males and females show distinct molecular responses to the same plastic exposure. Sex-specific gene expression patterns were identified, suggesting that microplastic toxicity may manifest differently in males and females with implications for health risk assessment.
Effects of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics on the Reproductive System, Intestinal Structure, and Microflora in Male and Female Mice
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Researchers exposed male and female mice to PVC microplastics to study how they affect reproductive health, intestinal tissue, and gut bacteria. The study found that PVC microplastics damaged the reproductive organs and intestinal lining in both sexes, but the specific effects differed between males and females. The findings suggest that microplastic exposure may disrupt gut health and reproductive function in sex-specific ways.
Sex-specific intestinal transcriptional responses to oral polyvinyl chloride microplastic exposure in Wistar rats, with an in-vitro validation in a human gut model
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Rats fed PVC microplastics for three weeks showed changes in gut gene activity, especially in females and in the colon, affecting pathways linked to inflammation, fat processing, and cell death. Female rats also had increased gut permeability. A human gut tissue model showed no harmful effects from PVC exposure.
Sex-specific toxicological observations following 28-day oral gavage exposure to spherical and milled polystyrene nano- and microplastic particles in mice
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Mice fed tiny plastic particles (like those found in food and water) for a month showed different health effects depending on their sex: males developed more gallbladder inflammation, while females had changes in their gut lining and mucus production. Overall body weight and blood tests looked normal, but the plastic particles did travel into the liver and intestines in both sexes, suggesting that even short-term microplastic exposure may affect male and female bodies differently, which matters as scientists work out what these ubiquitous plastic particles mean for long-term human health.
Sex-based differences in toxicity after exposure to microplastics or nanoplastics in aquatic and terrestrial organisms: A systematic review
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This systematic review found consistent sex-based differences in how organisms respond to micro- and nanoplastic exposure, with females often showing greater reproductive and hormonal vulnerability. These findings suggest that microplastic health risk assessments should account for biological sex as a variable, which has important implications for understanding human exposure risks.
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