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Advancements in optical techniques for direct identification and localization of micro- and nanoplastics in biological samples
Summary
This review surveyed advances in optical techniques for detecting and localizing microplastics directly in biological tissue samples, addressing the challenge that human tissue detection has not kept pace with detection in environmental matrices. Emerging methods including Raman microspectroscopy and CARS microscopy were identified as most promising for tissue-level microplastic identification.
The pervasive presence of microplastics across every environment underscores the urgency of comprehending their human health impacts. Amidst the pressing challenges posed by the suggested toxicology of microplastic pollution and their detection in human tissues, direct detection in biological samples has not yet been achieved. Confronting these pivotal issues, our research focusses on establishing an advanced sample preparation protocol tailored to reveal micro- and nanoplastics within cellular samples while retaining the biological context. Leveraging this protocol, we aim to develop fast and reliable procedures for the precise localization of nanoplastics within biological samples to allow elucidation of their effects on cell/tissue morphology. Building upon the successful localization techniques, we employ a multimodal approach consisting of hyperspectral and lifetime imaging for the accurate identification of Nile Red stained nanoplastics in situ. This innovative approach promises to enhance the specificity and efficiency of nanoplastic identification, facilitating a deeper understanding of their impact on biological systems. Furthermore, our exploration extends to the presence of nanoplastics in human placenta and cord blood. Through rigorous identification and quantification methodologies, we aim to determine the extent of nanoplastic contamination in these vital human tissues, shedding light on potential health implications. By integrating cutting-edge sample preparation techniques with advanced spectroscopic methodologies, our research aims to bridge the gap between macro- and nano-scale understanding of microplastic pollution. Through these multidisciplinary efforts, we aspire to contribute essential insights into the pervasive issue of microplastic pollution, paving the way for informed mitigation strategies and safeguarding environmental and human health alike. Also see: https://micro2024.sciencesconf.org/557033/document
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