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Human Exposure to Microplastics from Food-Contact and Daily-Contact Materials: Current Evidence and Perspectives
Summary
This review summarizes current knowledge on how microplastics from food-contact materials and daily-use products contribute to human exposure. Researchers found that items like water bottles, disposable cups, infant feeding bottles, tea bags, and skincare products are frequent and direct sources of microplastic ingestion and contact. The study highlights that microplastics have been detected across diverse human tissues and biological fluids, and offers practical strategies to reduce daily exposure.
Microplastics (MPs), originating from the degradation of ubiquitous plastic materials, have raised significant concerns about their potential risks to human health. Increasing evidence has substantiated the occurrence of MPs across diverse human tissues and biological fluids, highlighting potential risks to multiple organ systems. We summarize current knowledge on the presence and possible health implications of MPs in the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, reproductive, and cutaneous systems. Particular attention is given to exposure via food-contact materials, including commercial water bottles, disposable cups, infant feeding bottles and teats, takeaway food containers, kitchenware, food-storage containers, and tea bags, which represent frequent and direct sources of MPs ingestion. Moreover, we discuss MPs release from other daily-contact products, such as oral care and skincare formulations, textiles, protective equipment, and medical devices. By integrating available findings, this review aims to enhance scientific and public awareness and offer practical strategies to reduce daily microplastic exposure.