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Cutting edge technology for wastewater treatment using smart nanomaterials: recent trends and futuristic advancements
Summary
This review examines how advanced nanomaterials -- including cellulose nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, and magnetic nanoparticles -- can be used to remove microplastics, nanoplastics, and other toxic substances from wastewater more effectively than conventional treatment methods. These "smart" nanomaterials work through absorption and adsorption and represent a promising technology for reducing the amount of plastic contamination that reaches drinking water sources.
Water is a vital component of our existence. Many human activities, such as improper waste disposal from households, industries, hospitals, and synthetic processes, are major contributors to the contamination of water streams. It is the responsibility of every individual to safeguard water resources and reduce pollution. Among the various available wastewater treatment (WWT) methods, smart nanomaterials stand out for their effectiveness in pollutant removal through absorption and adsorption. This paper examines the application of valuable smart nanomaterials in treating wastewater. Various nanomaterials, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), nanoadsorbents, nanometals, nanofilters, nanocatalysts, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanosilver, nanotitanium dioxide, magnetic nanoparticles, nanozero-valent metallic nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanofibers, and quantum dots, are identified as promising candidates for WWT. These smart nanomaterials efficiently eliminate toxic substances, microplastics, nanoplastics, and polythene particulates from wastewater. Additionally, the paper discusses comparative studies on the purification efficiency of nanoscience technology versus conventional methods.