Study of microplastic accumulation in halophyte plants and macroalgae: A critical review

Marine litter and microplastic contamination are severe dangers to aquatic ecosystems. The interaction between halophyte plants and micro/nanoplastics has recently gained attention. Halophyte plants and maritime macroalgae are capable of trapping substantial volumes of marine debris, leading to areas of buildup, known as ‘sinks’, of anthropogenic particles. The review of existing studies exposes that halophyte plants can serve as sinks for micro-nano plastics by absorbing them on their surface. Moreover, these plastics can be absorbed by plants. Plastic on the surfaces and within plant tissue can cause various harmful effects. The present review highlights an understanding of microplastic abundance, bioavailability, influencing factors, technological detection, and potential salt-tolerant plants for bioremediation. According to these findings, we advocate the addition of microplastic on halophyte plants and algae in prospective monitoring studies, describe acceptable methodologies, and advise doing exposure studies alongside risk assessments, strategies for preventing and controlling policies of these underestimated pollutants in vegetated coastal ecosystems and establishes a basis for future research.