Novel Remediation Pathways for Mitigating Microplastic Pollution

Microplastic (MP) contamination has become a major environmental concern with far-reaching repercussions. The authors of this chapter investigate innovative remediation strategies for the efficient removal of MPs from varied ecosystems. The emphasis is on novel approaches to overcoming the obstacles posed by MP particles’ tiny sizes, widespread dispersion, and persistence. The first section discusses physical approaches including sophisticated filtration systems and membrane technology. These techniques take use of MPs’ particular characteristics to enable effective extraction from water and soil matrices. Next they examine biological remediation solutions, namely microbial degradation. Specialized microorganisms that can break down microplastics into harmless byproducts provide a sustainable and ecologically beneficial solution. Bioremediation has the potential for large-scale use in wastewater treatment facilities and natural ecosystems. The chapter also discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which have been widely researched and employed for the degradation of numerous environmentally persistent contaminants. The efficacy of AOPs is dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species, which are particularly effective in degrading a broad spectrum of pollutants. To summarize, the combination of physical, biological, and modern methods provides a full arsenal for reducing microplastic contamination. Implementing these unique remediation approaches will need a collaborative effort from scientists, politicians, and industrial partners to protect our ecosystems and assure a sustainable future.