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Biodecomposition of Microplastics
Summary
This review highlights the various biological mechanisms by which microplastics are decomposed in natural and controlled environments, including degradation by bacteria, fungi, algae, and insects. The authors also evaluate scientific strategies to increase the effectiveness of bio-decomposition processes as sustainable management approaches for microplastic pollution.
The discovery of plastic has significantly impacted all life and the earth’s ecosystems. It has improved the way of living and has become an integral part of the modern era but shown detrimental effects on the flora and fauna of the planet owing to its characteristics, especially its longevity. With advancements in science and technology, numerous applications have been developed to understand, negate, and provide alternative solutions to the negative impacts arising from the accumulation of plastics, particularly microplastics, in the environment. The present study highlights the various sustainable mechanisms through which microplastics bio-decompose with the help of bacteria, fungi, algae, and insects in natural and controlled environments. Further, scientific strategies were also gleaned to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in the process of microplastics bio-decomposition and management.