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Strategies to Mitigate Microplastic (MP) and Nanoplastic (NP) Pollution in Soil
Summary
This review covers pathways by which microplastics and nanoplastics enter soil via mulching, compost, and atmospheric deposition, their adsorption of pesticides, PAHs, and heavy metals, and mitigation strategies including bioaugmentation and phytoremediation.
The mismanagement of plastic waste has led to the environmental pollution and bioaccumulation of these plastic particles into living organisms through various food chains and food webs in the ecosystems. The breakdown of plastic into microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) intensifies its adverse impact on soil fertility, food security and living organisms. MP and NP can enter the soil through various pathways such as plastic mulching, compost and sewage sludge and atmospheric deposition. These particles migrate through various ecosystems. Small sizes limit the efficiency of detection of these particles and thus require urgent, sustainable solutions to mitigate MP and NP pollution. These particles can adsorb harmful chemicals like pesticides, PAHs, PCBs and heavy metals on their surface. Therefore, this chapter discusses the sources, impact and mitigation strategies for MP and NP pollution. Moreover, this chapter enhances understanding of the environmental threats by MP and NP pollution and provides sustainable approaches to mitigate their detrimental effects. .
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