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Various conventional and advanced management techniques and policies adopted at the global level for microplastics
Summary
This chapter reviews the range of conventional and advanced techniques being used worldwide to manage microplastic pollution, from physical filtration and chemical treatment to biodegradation approaches. Researchers also examined policy responses including bans on microbeads, extended producer responsibility programs, and international agreements. The study emphasizes that a combination of technological innovation and strong regulatory frameworks is needed to effectively address the microplastic crisis.
Microplastics , which are small plastic particles measuring less than 5 mm, are a growing global environmental concern due to their widespread presence and potential impact on ecosystems and human health. To tackle this issue, a range of conventional and advanced management techniques and policies have been implemented globally. This chapter provides an overview of these strategies and assesses their effectiveness in reducing the risks associated with microplastics. Conventional management techniques primarily focus on minimizing the generation and release of microplastics into the environment. These techniques include implementing regulations on plastic production and use to reduce the sources of microplastics. Additionally, efforts are made to promote recycling and circular economy principles, encouraging the development and adoption of eco-friendly alternatives to plastics. Advanced management techniques involve innovative approaches to detect, monitor, and remove microplastics. These techniques include the use of filtration systems and nanotechnology-based solutions like magnetic nanoparticles and bio-inspired materials. These advancements show promise in effectively targeting and removing microplastics from various environmental sources. To support these management techniques, a variety of policies have been implemented at a global level. These policies include legislative measures such as bans on products containing microplastics and single-use plastics. Extended producer responsibility schemes have also been introduced, holding manufacturers accountable for the entire lifecycle of their products. Furthermore, international collaborations like the United Nations Environment Assembly and the Global Partnership on Marine Litter have been established to foster knowledge sharing, capacity building, and coordinated efforts in addressing microplastics pollution . By integrating source reduction, advanced filtration technologies, sustainable alternatives to plastics, comprehensive monitoring, and regulation, we can effectively mitigate the risks associated with microplastics.