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Viruses in the era of microplastics and plastispheres: Analytical methods, advances and future directions

The Science of The Total Environment 2024 13 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 60 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Fermín Pérez‐Guevara, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti V.C. Shruti, V.C. Shruti

Summary

This review examines how viruses interact with microplastics in the environment, including how viral particles attach to plastic surfaces and what this means for human and environmental health. Microplastics can carry viruses across water environments, and the biofilms that form on plastic surfaces create conditions for viral survival and gene transfer. These findings raise concerns that microplastics could serve as vehicles for spreading disease-causing viruses through water systems.

Research on microplastics and plastispheres now incorporates the study of viruses to evaluate their effects on the environment and human health. Sharing these new discoveries with the scientific community is crucial to fostering further research and collaborations. However, the current research and methodologies used are fragmented. To address this issue, this paper reviews the literature and the use of methodology developments in each study, identifying four emerging research areas: (1) viral interactions with microplastics; (2) viral population, diversity, and function in plastispheres; (3) the effects of viruses and plastic particles in host-associated environments; and (4) the impacts of viruses within plastispheres. To that end, the article is structured to streamline navigation and help readers easily access existing approaches, recent advancements, key findings, challenges, and opportunities in these areas. Our synthesis reveals that research methods include biochemical assays, omics techniques, spectroscopic analysis, and molecular and bioinformatic tools. Various mechanisms enable viruses to attach to microplastics and plastispheres, leading to widespread distribution and contributing to toxic effects and gene transfer. While the growing evidence is intriguing, there is still much to uncover about their ecological interactions, functions, and impacts.

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