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Soil Contamination, Risk Assessment, and Remediation
Summary
This review covers soil contamination from various sources including agrochemicals, waste materials, and emerging pollutants like microplastics, along with methods for risk assessment and remediation. Researchers examined how human activities such as farming, waste disposal, and industrial practices contribute to soil pollution and disrupt soil fertility. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive risk assessment frameworks that account for the complex interactions between traditional and emerging soil contaminants.
Soil amendment” refers to the alteration of soil properties driven by human activities. This includes actions such as spreading, compaction, erosion and fertility loss, which reshape the land and necessitate qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods to address associated risks. Soil pollution, resulting from the excessive use of agrochemicals, waste materials, and toxic elements, disrupts soil organisms and fertility. Agrochemicals can contaminate soils through agricultural practices, impacting soil health. Irrigation water quality, indicated by salinity and soluble sodium percentage, also plays a crucial role in soil contamination. Additionally, emerging concerns arise from microplastics due to their persistence and potential ecological impacts. Remediation strategies for heavy metal-contaminated soils involve. Physical methods like soil replacement and thermal desorption address contamination by removing or treating soil on-site or off-site. Chemical fixation immobilizes contaminants using specific chemicals, while biological remediation, such as phytoremediation and bioremediation. Risk assessment, crucial for understanding the extent and severity of soil contamination, aids in effective remediation by considering factors such as contaminant concentrations, exposure pathways, and potential ecological and human health impacts. Overall, safeguarding soil health against pollution, erosion, and urbanization is essential for maintaining food and grazing resources.
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