Vibrational spectroscopy for microplastic detection in water: a review

This study focuses on the application of vibrational spectroscopy—Raman and FT-IR—for detecting microplastics (MPs) in various water bodies, including oceans, lakes, and drinking water. Given the growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of MPs, accurate identification and analysis are essential. The review discusses the fundamental principles of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy, emphasizing their nondestructive nature and capability to provide detailed chemical identification. Sample preparation methods are explored to enhance detection efficiency, particularly in complex matrices where organic matter may cause spectral interference. Highlighting recent studies, this review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in identifying MPs in diverse aquatic systems, and offers insight into the challenges and future perspectives for advancing microplastic research in aquatic environments.