One Health on islands: Tractable ecosystems to explore the nexus between human, animal, terrestrial, and marine health

Abstract Islands play a central role in understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape life but are rarely used to untangle the processes that shape human, animal, and environmental health. Islands, with their discrete human and animal populations, and often well-studied ecological networks, serve as ideal natural laboratories for exploring the complex relationships that shape health across biomes. Relatively long coastlines and, in some cases, low lying topography also make islands sentinels for climate change. In this article, we examine the potential of islands as valuable laboratories and research locations for understanding the One Health nexus. By delving into the challenges faced in island settings, we provide valuable insights for researchers and policymakers aiming to globally promote and apply One Health principles. Ultimately, recognizing the interconnected health of humans, animals, and the environment on islands contributes to efforts aimed at promoting global health and sustainability.