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Microplastic occurrence and distribution in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador

Marine Pollution Bulletin 2024 3 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Inés Arteaga, Verónica Pinos-Vélez, Mariana V. Capparelli, Gabriel M. Moulatlet, Isabel Cipriani-Ávila, Marcela Cabrera, Elisa L. Bravo Rebolledo, Camila Arnés‐Urgellés, María Elena Cazar

Summary

Sampling of water and sediments throughout the Gulf of Guayaquil estuary in Ecuador revealed extremely high microplastic concentrations — particularly polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polypropylene particles — with levels peaking near the city of Guayaquil. The findings document a largely unreported pollution hotspot in South America and highlight urban wastewater and shrimp farming as key contamination sources requiring management.

Polymers
Study Type Environmental

Microplastics (MPs) were assessed in water and sediment samples along the Salado Estuary, an estuarine system composed of a complex river drainage network in Guayas, Ecuador. MPs were quantified and categorized according to shape, size, and composition. Pellet morphology (237,490 MP/L) and transparent color MPs (252,990 MP/L) were the most common in water, while fragments (27,330 MP/m) and silver color MPs (25,310 MP/kg) were the most common in solid samples (river sediments, mangrove mud, and sand). MPs made of Polycarbonate, Polyestyrene, and Polypropylene were the most common in all samples. Giving MPs characteristics, likely mapped sources were wastewater from Guayaquil and surrounding towns, boats, and shrimp farms. The samples with the highest MPs were found near Guayaquil, and those with the least were found in the estuary mouth. Monitoring and managing plastic disposal in estuaries are fundamental, as we report a small part of an undocumented issue here.

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