Rising Concern About the Carcinogenetic Role of Micro‐Nanoplastics

In the last years, awareness has grown regarding micro-nanoplastics (MNPs) effects on human health. Despite a large body of evidence about the origin and distribution of MNPs in the environment, knowledge regarding their impact on human health remains limited. In this context, there is a significant need to address the potential carcinogenic risk of MNPs, both intrinsic and mediated by their ability to transport carcinogenic chemicals. Currently, evidence of carcinogenicity of MNPs is scarce and heterogeneous, but the reported increase in the incidence of malignant tumors among younger populations, together with the increasing environmental abundance of MNPs, is rising a global concern about the possible role of MNPs in the induction and promotion of cancer. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current evidence regarding MNPs in terms of eco-toxicological evidence, methods for identification and characterization of environmental particulate, and health-associated risks, particularly for cancer development. In addition, we will suggest possible routes for future research in order to unravel the carcinogenetic potential of MNP exposure and to dissect prognostic and preventive implications of intratumoral MNPs.