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Uso de recursos de origen antrópico por parte de aves marinas que reproducen en la Patagonia argentina
Summary
This study synthesized research on how seabirds breeding along the Argentine Patagonian coast use human-derived resources, including discarded fishing bycatch, urban waste, and anthropogenic nesting materials. Researchers found that at least fifteen species rely on such resources for food or nesting, with commercial fishing waste being the most widely used across twelve species. The findings highlight concerns about microplastic and debris ingestion alongside potential benefits, underscoring the complex relationship between marine birds and human activities.
Las aves marinas son uno de los grupos de aves más amenazados a nivel global. Sin embargo, varias actividades humanas también proveen recursos que estas aves pueden utilizar en su beneficio. Se presenta una síntesis del conocimiento sobre el uso de recursos antrópicos por parte de las aves marinas que se reproducen en el litoral patagónico argentino. Las investigaciones realizadas indican que un total de quince especies utilizan recursos antrópicos para su alimentación y/o nidificación durante los meses de la temporada reproductiva. De los diferentes recursos de alimento de origen antrópico identificados, el provisto por la pesca comercial durante las operaciones en el mar es utilizado por el mayor número de especies (doce) y el que representa la oferta de mayor extensión geográfica. Un menor número de especies hacen uso de residuos urbanos (cuatro) y de recursos derivados de la pesca recreativa (tres) y la actividad agrícola-ganadera (seis). En relación a los recursos antrópicos para nidificar, la información disponible es mayormente anecdótica, e indica que seis especies aprovechan ambientes y/o estructuras antrópicas para construir sus nidos, y siete incorporan materiales antrópicos en los mismos. Se discuten los posibles beneficios y costos asociados a dicho uso, y se consideran los posibles conflictos derivados en relación a otras especies y las poblaciones humanas. Se espera que esta síntesis de conocimiento, identificando limitaciones de estudios previos y vacíos de información, contribuya a la definición de prioridades de investigación y al desarrollo de recomendaciones para el monitoreo de las interacciones entre aves marinas reproductoras y actividades humanas.
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