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Microplastics in sewage sludge and municipal solid waste
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Current Progress of Microplastics in Sewage Sludge
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Researchers reviewed the presence of microplastics in sewage sludge, finding that while wastewater treatment plants capture most microplastics from water, the resulting sludge becomes a concentrated reservoir that can spread microplastics to agricultural soils when applied as fertilizer.
Micro-Nano-Plastics in Sewage Sludge: Sources, Occurrence, and Potential Environmental Risks
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics accumulate in sewage sludge — the byproduct of wastewater treatment — posing a significant environmental risk when sludge is applied to agricultural land. Because sludge is commonly used as fertilizer, microplastics from many sources can end up in soils and eventually in the food supply.
Microplastics in Wastewater
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics enter wastewater systems through multiple human activity pathways and how conventional treatment plants, while removing a large fraction, still discharge significant quantities of microplastic particles into receiving water bodies, threatening aquatic ecosystems and downstream drinking water quality.
Microplastics in Wastewater
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Researchers reviewed the sources, fate, and treatment of microplastics in wastewater systems, finding that conventional treatment plants remove a significant portion of microplastics but still discharge millions of particles daily through effluents and biosolids, with remaining particles posing ongoing environmental and health risks.
Microplastics in Biosolids Treatment Stream: Abundance, Fate and Methodologies
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This review examines the occurrence, fate, and transformation of microplastics throughout wastewater treatment biosolids streams, noting that conventional treatment effectively concentrates MPs in solid biosolids, roughly 50% of which are land-applied as agricultural fertilizer. Land application of biosolid-laden MPs represents a major but often overlooked terrestrial contamination pathway, enabling plastics to accumulate in farmland soils, enter crops, and ultimately reach humans through the food supply.
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