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Effect of microplastic size on biofouling in membrane bioreactors
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Microplastics as emerging threats: advancement in biofilm interactions and remediation technologies
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This review examines how biofilms on microplastic surfaces serve as hotspots for virulent pathogens, evaluates microbial degradation pathways using bacteria, fungi, algae, and engineered enzymes, and surveys nanotechnology-based remediation approaches including TiO2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Understanding how biofilm communities colonize and spread on microplastics is critical, as these plastisphere communities can harbor and transport antibiotic-resistant pathogens through aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of Biofouling on the Sinking Behavior of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
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Biofouling—the colonization of microplastics by microorganisms and algae—significantly alters the sinking behavior of plastic particles in aquatic environments, causing them to transport deeper into water columns and sediments. This process affects where microplastics ultimately accumulate, influencing their bioavailability to marine organisms and potential entry into food chains.
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Effects of Biofouling on the Sinking Behavior of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments
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Biofouling — the colonization of microplastic surfaces by microorganisms — significantly alters particle density, causing buoyant plastics to sink and subsequently resurface as biofilm is lost, driving complex vertical transport dynamics in aquatic environments. This cycling behavior disperses microplastics throughout the water column and into sediments where they can be ingested by benthic organisms, expanding the ecological footprint of plastic pollution well beyond the ocean surface.
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