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Understanding removal of microplastics in constructed wetlands: processes, performance, and impacts
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Effects of Operating Water Level Regulation on the Microplastic Distribution in Constructed Wetlands
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Experiments in free water surface constructed wetlands showed that higher operating water levels significantly improved microplastic removal efficiency — up to 70% in summer — by promoting particle settling and reducing resuspension of larger fragments. Optimizing water management in constructed wetlands offers a cost-effective, ecologically integrated approach to reducing microplastic discharge from treated wastewater into downstream aquatic environments.
Microplastics can Alter the Nitrogen Cycle in Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands
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Both conventional PVC and biodegradable PLA microplastics disrupted nitrogen cycling in constructed wetlands, with PVC causing ammonium accumulation and PLA acting as a carbon source, while both enhanced biofilm formation and enzyme activities at higher concentrations. These polymer-specific effects on nitrogen dynamics reveal that microplastic contamination poses distinct and complex threats to the water treatment functions of natural and engineered wetlands.
Microplastics in Wetland Ecosystem: A Complex Nexus and Way Forward
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This review examines the distribution, fate, and ecological impacts of microplastics in wetland ecosystems, which serve as both sinks and potential secondary sources of microplastic contamination. Wetlands filter water supplies and support biodiversity, so microplastic accumulation there directly threatens aquatic food webs, drinking water quality, and the communities that depend on these ecosystems.
Impact of Microplastics on Microbial Community Composition and Diversity in Surface Flow Constructed Wetland Sediments
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A study of conventional PVC and biodegradable PLA microplastics in constructed wetland sediments found both types altered microbial diversity and community composition, with PVC enriching denitrifying bacteria and PLA promoting methanogenic pathways at concentrations as low as 1%. These microbial shifts in wetland sediments could disrupt nitrogen and carbon cycling in ecosystems that serve as critical water quality filters.
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