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Detection and characterization of macro-, micro- and nanoplastics in the estuary and gulf of the St. Lawrence River, Canada

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Researchers conducted a baseline assessment of macro-, micro-, and nanoplastic (MNP) concentrations in the estuary and Gulf of the St. Lawrence River, Canada, an understudied waterway that may play a significant role in transporting plastic debris from land to ocean. The study characterized macroplastics via FTIR spectroscopy and emphasized mass quantification as essential for accurately assessing MNP fluxes and toxicological risks.

Study Type Environmental

Le fleuve Saint- Laurent (Canada), bien qu'il puisse jouer un rôle significatif dans l’accumulation des débris plastiques et leur transfert de la terre vers l’océan, est peu documenté. Cette thèse vise à combler cette lacune en établissant un état des lieux des concentrations de macro-, micro- et nanoplastiques (MNP) dans l'estuaire et le golfe du St-Laurent (EGSL). La caractérisation des macroplastiques se fait couramment par spectroscopie FTIR, mais pour quantifier précisément les flux et évaluer les impacts toxicologiques des MNP, une mesure de masse est essentielle. À cet égard, la pyrolyse couplée à la chromatographie en phase gazeuse et à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (Py-GC-MS/MS) s’avère une méthode optimale. Ce travail contribue à surmonter des défis analytiques spécifiques liés à l'étude des MNP dans des matrices environnementales complexes, offrant ainsi un cadre pour améliorer la fiabilité et la sensibilité des analyses environnementales. Sur le plan environnemental, cette étude dresse pour la première fois un portrait détaillé de la concentration massique, de la composition et de la distribution des MNP dans l’eau de surface et la moule bleue/ commune (Mytilus spp.) de l’EGSL. Les résultats montrent des concentrations de macroplastiques de 0,17 ± 0,11 items/m², des MNP dans l’eau de 3800 ± 2700 ng/L, et dans les moules bleues de 93 ± 53ng/mg de poids sec. D'un point de vue sociétal, cette thèse fournit des données inédites sur un écosystème essentiel au Canada, contribuant ainsi à sensibiliser le public et à orienter les politiques de gestion environnementale. En rendant compte de la contamination en macro- et MNP, elle offre des données précieuses pour des stratégies de réduction de la pollution à l’échelle locale et globale et pour une gestion durable des ressources naturelles du Saint-Laurent.

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