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Effects of functionalized nanoplastics on oxidative stress in the mussel Mytilus coruscus
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Researchers exposed mussels to three types of nanoplastics with different surface modifications and found that amino-modified particles were the most toxic, strongly inhibiting key antioxidant enzymes in gill and mantle tissues. Different surface chemistries triggered distinct patterns of oxidative stress across tissues, with gills being the most sensitive organ. The study highlights that how nanoplastics are modified by environmental weathering can significantly change their toxicity to marine organisms.
In the marine environment, various weathering effects on micro or nanoplastics lead to surface modifications, which in turn alter their toxic effects on aquatic organisms. This study investigated the impact of three types of nanoplastics (NPs, NPs-NH, NPs-COOH) on the antioxidant capacity of Mytilus coruscus gills, mantle, and hemolymph over 28 days. Analyzed key antioxidant stress indicators (CAT, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, MDA, HO) and conducted IBR and PCA analyses to evaluate the toxic effects of modified nanoplastics. In particular, NPs-NH showed the most significant inhibition of antioxidant enzymes like CAT and GSH-Px in gills and mantle, while NPs-COOH affected a wider range of oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, tissue-specific responses were observed, with gills being the most sensitive to biomarker changes. Overall, NPs-NH emerged as the most toxic nanoplastic, highlighting the need to assess ecological risks associated with novel nanoparticles in marine environments and offering insights into tissue-specific toxicity in mussels.
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Combined physiological effects of differentially charged nanoplastics and ocean acidification on the mussel Mytilus coruscus
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Researchers assessed the combined effects of differentially charged nanoplastics and ocean acidification on the mussel Mytilus coruscus to understand interactions between these co-occurring stressors. The study found that nanoplastic charge significantly influenced toxicological outcomes, with ocean acidification modulating the physiological responses of mussels to nanoplastic exposure.
Determination of bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and their impact on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative stress mechanisms
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Researchers assessed the bioaccumulation of polystyrene nanoplastics in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and measured enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant stress responses after 4 days of exposure to 1 mg/L of 54 nm particles. Nanoplastics accumulated in mussel tissues and triggered significant oxidative stress responses, including altered superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, indicating toxicological effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.
Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities in Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to nanoplastics under different patterns of hypoxia
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Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics under hypoxic conditions showed compounded antioxidant impairment and digestive enzyme disruption compared to nanoplastic exposure alone. The study highlights that hypoxia, an increasingly common marine stressor, can amplify the toxicity of nanoplastic contamination.
Effects of exposure to nanoplastics on the gill of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis: An integrated perspective from multiple biomarkers
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Researchers exposed Mediterranean mussels to polystyrene nanoplastics for seven days and measured multiple gill biomarkers, finding that nanoplastics triggered oxidative stress, inhibited acetylcholinesterase, disrupted sodium-potassium ion transport, and impaired energy and lipid metabolism, pointing to broad physiological interference in marine invertebrates.
Size-dependent effects of plastic particles on antioxidant and immune responses of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus
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Mussels exposed to plastic particles ranging from 70 nanometers to 100 micrometers showed that smaller particles caused more severe damage, including higher oxidative stress and greater immune system suppression. After 30 days of exposure, the mussels' immune cells had reduced ability to fight off threats through phagocytosis (the process of engulfing invaders). A seven-day recovery period reversed some effects, but the study highlights how chronic nanoplastic exposure may weaken marine organisms' defenses.
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