Dissolved organic matter derived by microplastic: The release patterns, structure properties, composition, and the impact on rice

Microplastic-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter: Release Pattern, Chemical Properties, Environmental Risk, and Impact on Carbon Cycling

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This review examines microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM), which plastic debris releases at an estimated 23,600 tons annually into surface waters, covering its chemical properties, release patterns, and interactions with metals, microorganisms, and the carbon cycle. MPs-DOM represents a largely overlooked secondary pollution pathway through which microplastics extend their environmental impact well beyond the particles themselves.

Characteristics and Molecular Signatures of Microplastic-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter

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A synthesis of 51 studies found that smaller microplastics, higher temperatures, UV aging, and acidic conditions all increase the amount of dissolved organic matter that microplastics leach into water, with this leaching also acidifying aquatic environments. As microplastics accumulate and weather, the chemicals they release into water may pose additional risks beyond the particles themselves.

Yields and characterization of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter from different polymers under varying leaching conditions

The molecular transformation of microplastic-derived dissolved organic matter regulates the bioavailability of conventional microplastic

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Researchers discovered that dissolved organic matter released from biodegrading polyethylene microplastics (MP-DOM) creates a self-inhibitory feedback loop — as aromatic compounds in MP-DOM are broken down by plastisphere bacteria, key PE-degrading microbes decline, significantly slowing further plastic degradation over time.

Interaction of Microplastics and Organic Pollutants: Quantification, Environmental Fates, and Ecological Consequences

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Microplastics act as vectors for organic pollutants such as pesticides and industrial chemicals, concentrating and transporting these toxins to organisms that ingest the particles, amplifying exposure beyond what either contaminant would cause alone. This combined pollution effect complicates environmental risk assessments and underscores why microplastic contamination is more dangerous than particle counts alone suggest.