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Microplastics inhibit the decomposition of soil organic matter by adult darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Summary
An experiment with darkling beetles and microplastics made from ground tire rubber showed that the presence of rubber particles in organic soil reduced the beetles' ability to break down organic matter, disrupting a key decomposition process. This suggests microplastic contamination in soils can impair the ecological function of invertebrates that maintain healthy nutrient cycling.
Microplastics (MPs) are a growing problem worldwide. Soils are long-term storage sinks of MPs because of the many pathways they enter the soil and their long degradation period. Knowing how MPs influence soil organisms, the effects of organisms on the fate of MPs, and what this means for soil additions, losses, transformations, and translocations is paramount. MPs in soil could impede the breakdown of organic matter by adult darkling beetles. We set up an experiment to test this hypothesis by adding finely ground scrap tire rubber to organic soil and a small population of adult darkling beetles (Zophobas morio, Fabricius 1776, Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The beetles are omnivores that accelerate the breakdown of soil organic matter when feeding on soil detritus. As a control, we released beetles into organic soil with no MPs. We also surveyed published manuscripts on the effects of MPs on insects, decomposers, and decomposition in soil, providing a reference frame for our findings. Darkling beetles ate, fragmented, and humidified the soil mixture, enhancing microbial decomposition. All treatments lost weight over the experiment period, with the control losing 10%, significantly more than the other treatments (an average loss of 5%). Higher concentrations of microplastics in soils led to lower reductions in soil mass through decomposition. These findings suggest that MPs impede detritivores from breaking down soil organic matter. Even so, only a handful of studies evaluated the effects of tire particles on soils and detritivores in the literature survey. Still, these particles are among the largest sources of MPs on land.
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