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Recent Advances on Starch-Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal and Emerging Pollutant Remediation
Summary
This review surveys recent advances in using starch-based materials as adsorbents for removing heavy metals and emerging pollutants from water. The study suggests that starch's unique hydroxyl-rich structure allows diverse interactions with pollutants, and various forms from nanoparticles to blends show promise for more effective and sustainable environmental remediation.
Starch is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in nature and has a high potential for application in several fields, including effluent treatment as an adsorbent. Starch has a unique structure, with zones of different crystallinity and a glycosidic structure containing hydroxyl groups. This configuration allows a wide range of interactions with pollutants of different degrees of hydrophilicity, which includes from hydrogen bonding to hydrophobic interactions. This review article aims to survey the use of starch in the synthesis of diverse adsorbents, in forms from nanoparticles to blends, and evaluates their performance in terms of amount of pollutant adsorbed and removal efficiency. A critical analysis of the materials developed, and the results obtained is also presented. Finally, the review provides an outlook on how this polysaccharide can be used more effectively and efficiently in remediation efforts in the near future.
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