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Microplastics Monitoring in a Waste-to-Energy Power Plant Firing Landfill-Mined Waste
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This chapter comprehensively reviewed microplastic sources, concentrations, transport pathways, and removal techniques within landfills and their leachate — a heavily overlooked but significant vector for microplastic release into surrounding soils and waterways. Landfills act as long-term reservoirs that continuously leach microplastics into groundwater and surface water, making leachate treatment a critical and underaddressed frontier in pollution control.
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Researchers quantified microplastics in digestate from nine Ontario biogas facilities using a novel Most Probable Number (MPN) method, finding concentrations of 6,200 to 26,000 MP per gram of dry solids and identifying source-separated organics feedstock as a major driver of higher contamination levels.
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Researchers measured microplastic emissions from Japanese municipal solid waste incinerators and found that while wastewater treatment removed over 99% of microplastics, a small number still escaped into public waterways — though the total emission was far lower than that from conventional wastewater treatment plants.
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Burning trash doesn't fully destroy plastic, researchers found that leftover ash from South Korean waste incineration plants still contains surprisingly large amounts of microplastics, with the exact amount depending on the burning method used. This matters because that ash often gets reused in construction materials or sent to landfills, meaning these tiny plastic particles could still end up back in our environment (and potentially our bodies) even after the trash is supposedly "burned away."
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