Acute Sublethal and Lethal Effects of Tire Wear Particle Leachate on Larval Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

Toxic effects of tire wear particle leachate on benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: An integrated assessment of immunosuppression, metabolic disruption, and microbiome dysbiosis across concentration gradients

Toxicity Effects of Microplastics and Tire Particles on Daphnia magna

Trophic Transfer impact of combined Microplastics and Tire particles in three-species freshwater food chain

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Scientists studied how tiny plastic bits and tire particles (both common pollutants that wash into lakes and rivers) move up the food chain, from tiny organisms to small fish to bigger fish. The findings suggest these particles don't just disappear in the water; they can build up and pass from one animal to the next, meaning the fish we eventually eat may carry these pollutants too. This matters because it hints at a hidden pathway for plastic pollution to reach our dinner plates, though more research is needed to know exactly how this affects human health.

Acute sublethal and lethal effects of tire wear particle leachate on larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

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Researchers tested the effects of tire wear particle leachate on larval fathead minnows in acute 24-hour toxicity experiments. They found that the chemical compounds leaching from tire particles caused both sublethal behavioral changes, including altered swimming and feeding patterns, and lethal effects at higher concentrations. The study highlights tire wear particles as a specific class of microplastic pollution that poses meaningful risks to freshwater aquatic life through chemical leaching.

The Potential Concentration-Dependent Effects of Tire Microplastics on the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

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Researchers exposing earthworms (Eisenia fetida) to tire-derived microplastics at four concentrations found significant increases in antioxidant enzyme activity — including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase — indicating oxidative stress and immune system activation at environmentally relevant exposure levels.