An Integrated Approach to Assess Exposure and Early Health Effects in Human Populations Exposed to Micro- and Nanoplastics

Human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics: routes, accumulation, and health implications

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This review synthesizes evidence that microplastics and nanoplastics have been detected in human blood, placenta, breast milk, and stool, with emerging associations between internal MNP burdens and inflammatory, cardiometabolic, and potential reproductive effects. Humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, and medical interventions, making microplastic accumulation in the body a pressing public health concern requiring urgent research into clinical health outcomes.

The Potential Human Impacts of Environmental Contamination by Microplastics and Nanoplastics: A Review

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Researchers reviewed human health consequences of environmental micro- and nanoplastic contamination, noting that while detection in human tissues is growing, the extent of biological harm remains poorly characterized and requires more systematic study of exposure routes and dose-response relationships.

Microplastic Pollution: Human Exposure, Uptake, Accumulation Pathways, and Potential Health Consequences

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Researchers reviewed the exposure routes, uptake mechanisms, and accumulation pathways of microplastics in the human body, concluding that the ubiquitous presence of these particles warrants urgent investigation into their long-term ecological and health consequences.

Microplastics and Human Health: A Comprehensive Review of Exposure Pathways, Biological Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications

Health risk of human exposure to microplastics: a review

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Researchers reviewed the human health risks of microplastic exposure across multiple organ systems, finding evidence that these particles trigger oxidative stress, disrupt gut microbiota, impair liver and cardiovascular function, suppress immunity, and — through leached additives like phthalates — act as endocrine disruptors with synergistic effects when combined with co-occurring environmental pollutants.