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Literature Analysis and Synthesis of the Red Sea Mangrove Ecosystem: Decades of Human Impacts and Knowledge Gaps
Summary
This four-decade literature review assessed human-induced pollution in Red Sea mangrove ecosystems, identifying key knowledge gaps and providing recommendations for conservation and management to address climate-related and anthropogenic stressors.
The Red Sea mangrove ecosystem (RSME) has faced conservation issues and in anticipation of future developments in the Anthropocene.The objective of this study was to comprehensively analyze and discussed the pollution in RSME by examining the literature spanning about four decades .The primary emphasis focused on human-induced pollution in previous research.This article assesses the state of sustainability in the RSME to guide recommendations for its conservation and management.This will help identify knowledge gaps in the RSME's response to various factors, including temperature increases between 2000-2011 and 2012-2023, as observed in Hurghada and Jeddah.The proposed measures include (a) enhanced monitoring, (b) public awareness and education efforts, (c) allocating funding based on economic trends, and (d) adoption of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices.Efficient management of ESG factors is strongly recommended to ensure the sustainability of the RSME's services and functions.Collecting monitoring data on pollution can provide a fundamental reference point for examining future human impacts.Therefore, restoration and conservation of the RSME should be prioritized.The synthesis of the water-energy-food Nexus should integrate the critical social, economic, and environmental dimensions including ESG implementation.This paper presents a framework for identifying knowledge gaps in the sustainable management of the RSME, particularly regarding mangrove fauna, which merits future study.
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