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Article ? AI-assigned paper type based on the abstract. Classification may not be perfect — flag errors using the feedback button. Tier 2 ? Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence. Environmental Sources Nanoplastics Sign in to save

Micro and Nanoplastics: Contamination of Air, Water, and Soil

Sustainable development goals series 2025
Murad Muhmmad, Muhammad Majeed, Wen‐Jun Li, Sofina Begum, Nadeem Qureshi, Dwaipayan Sinha, Masooma Batool, Abdul Wahab, Yonghong Liu, Li Li

Summary

This review characterized the contamination of air, water, and soil by micro- and nanoplastics, documenting sources, transport mechanisms across environmental compartments, and the growing diversity of polymer types detected globally. The ubiquitous, multi-media spread of MNPs means human exposure occurs simultaneously through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, underscoring the need for cross-sector pollution control.

Today, there are over 5300 polymers; “plastics” refers to a wide range of these synthetic and semi-synthetic materials (Zimmermann 2021). A high-molecular-weight polymer is a significant component of plastics, which can flow moulded at some point in their...

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