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Recycling and valorization of textile waste
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This review examines the textile industry's contribution to environmental pollution, focusing on synthetic fiber waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and microplastic release driven by fast fashion and overconsumption. It surveys EU regulatory efforts and circular economy strategies aimed at improving textile recycling and reducing the environmental footprint of synthetic materials.
The textile industry is a major contributor to environmental challenges, driven by overconsumption, fast fashion, and reliance on non-sustainable materials. Textiles are the fourth most environmentally impactful commodity, with significant consequences including resource depletion, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollution, worsened by synthetic materials' slow decomposition and microplastic release. Efforts to mitigate these issues include EU regulations promoting recycling and circular economy strategies. Recycling methods, such as: mechanical, chemical, biological, and hybrid, play a key role by valorizing textile waste into high-value products such as geotextiles, composites, insulation materials, and biofuels. These processes not only reduce waste but also offer environmental benefits like energy conservation and reduced emissions. Despite their potential, barriers such as waste complexity, inadequate infrastructure, economic challenges, and inconsistent regulations hinder widespread adoption. A sustainable transition requires coordinated efforts across industries, policymakers, and consumers. Emphasizing innovation in recycling technologies, biodegradable materials, and energy-efficient production can amplify the impact of valorized materials, making circular textile systems more feasible. Consumer awareness and responsible consumption further strengthen this shift. Addressing these challenges is vital for reducing waste, conserving resources, and advancing a sustainable future for the fashion and textile industry.
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