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Praćenje i uklanjanje pesticida iz otpadnih voda – pregled
Summary
This review examines analytical methods and treatment technologies for monitoring and removing pesticides from wastewater, describing how gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry enable sensitive detection while advanced treatment approaches can mitigate aquatic ecosystem contamination from agricultural runoff.
Pesticidi igraju ključnu ulogu u modernoj poljoprivredi za kontrolu štetočina, povećanje prinosa usjeva i osiguranje sigurnosti hrane. Međutim, njihova široka uporaba izaziva zabrinutost za okoliš zbog njihove postojanosti i mogućih štetnih učinaka na ekosustav. Analitičke metode za detekciju pesticida razvile su se da bi odgovorile na izazove koje postavlja širok raspon tih kemijskih spojeva. Tehnike kao što su plinska kromatografija, tekućinska kromatografija, spektrometrija masa nude osjetljivu i selektivnu detekciju, omogućujući učinkovito praćenje razine pesticida u uzorcima iz okoliša. Pesticidi mogu onečistiti vodeni okoliš otjecanjem s poljoprivrednih polja, što je prijetnja kvaliteti vode i životu u vodi. Da bi se ublažili ti utjecaji na okoliš, primjenjuju se različite metode za uklanjanje pesticida iz vode. Napredni procesi oksidacije, tehnike adsorpcije pomoću aktivnog ugljena ili nanomaterijala i membranski postupci ubrajaju se u najvažnije strategije koje se primjenjuju za učinkovito uklanjanje pesticida iz voda. Razumijevanje prisutnosti pesticida u okolišu, primjena robusnih analitičkih metoda za njihovo otkrivanje i razvoj učinkovitih strategija uklanjanja ključni su koraci u ublažavanju potencijalnih rizika za okoliš i zdravlje ljudi povezanih s onečišćenjem pesticidima. Ovaj pregled naglašava važnost interdisciplinarnog istraživanja za rješavanje složenih izazova koje predstavljaju pesticidi u vodenim ekosustavima i naglašava potrebu za održivim poljoprivrednim praksama i regulatornim mjerama za smanjenje njihova utjecaja na okoliš.
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