Recent developments in water purification

Day by day problem of water scarcity and water contamination is rising due to the rapid population growth, climatic change and urbanization. The greater use of fresh water in agricultural, industrial and domestic use has led to its depletion. Further, alteration in rainfall and melting of glaciers by the climate change further enhance fresh water depletion. Water contamination is continuously increasing from textile, paper industries agriculture runoff, and irrigation practices that leads to discharge of dyes, chemicals, heavy metals, pesticides, fertilizer, pharmaceutical, microplastic and perfluoroalkyl sunstance into the water. To tackle with these problems, advanced water purification technology have been evolved that are much better than the traditional methods in terms of cost, design of equipment less use of toxic materials and greater removal efficiency. This review discussed the most recent and advanced techniques used in water purification Advanced Hybrid oxidation system, Advanced filtration techniques by using novel materials Advanced Membrane technology, Plasma-Based Water Purification, AI-Driven Smart Water Purification Systems and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) for water purification.