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Les dimensions cachées de la transition énergétique
Summary
Despite its title referencing energy transition and environmental impacts, this paper reviews the hidden environmental and social costs of renewable energy infrastructure — land use, biodiversity loss, resource depletion, and end-of-life waste — not microplastic pollution. It examines sustainability trade-offs in the shift away from fossil fuels, and is not relevant to microplastics or human health.
The transition to renewable energy systems is central to addressing climate change, yet its implications extend far beyond merely reducing carbon (CO2) emissions. While renewable energy projects significantly lower operational CO₂ emissions, they can also result in substantial environmental, territorial, and socioeconomic impacts. This paper critically examines the hidden dimensions of the energy transition, focusing on overlooked consequences such as biodiversity loss, land-use conflicts, and resource depletion. Furthermore, it explores the challenges associated with the end-of-life of renewable technologies and the growing issue of waste management. By expanding the scope of impact assessments beyond CO₂ metrics, this paper highlights the importance of incorporating life-cycle, social, and territorial assessments to ensure a fair and sustainable energy transition.