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Exploring the Coexposure Effects of Pyrogallol and Microplastic on the Red Swamp Crayfish <i>Procambarus clarkii</i>

Aquaculture Research 2025 7 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 63 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Walaa M. Shaalan, Walaa M. Shaalan, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Heba Allah M. Elbaghdady, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Rashad E.M. Said, Rashad E.M. Said, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Mohamed Hamed, Rashad E.M. Said, Walaa M. Shaalan, Walaa M. Shaalan, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Heba Allah M. Elbaghdady, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Heba Allah M. Elbaghdady, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Heba Allah M. Elbaghdady, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Walaa M. Shaalan, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Mohamed Hamed, Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed Alaa El‐Din H. Sayed

Summary

Researchers exposed freshwater crayfish to microplastics and pyrogallol (a plant-derived chemical) both alone and together, and found that the combination caused worse damage than either pollutant alone. The crayfish showed liver damage, reduced antioxidant defenses, and immune system changes. Since crayfish are a common food source, this study highlights how microplastics interacting with other environmental chemicals could affect food safety.

Body Systems

Hepatic

Study Type Environmental

Investigating the impact of two or more toxic chemicals on aquatic organisms is one of the main objectives of toxicological research. Microplastics (MPs) are identified as a carrier or vector for other pollutants. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of both pyrogallol (PG) and MPs, individually and in combination, on freshwater crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ). Following a 15‐day exposure to 10 mg/L of PG and100 mg/L MPs and their combination (10 mg/L PG + 100 mg/L MPs), the hemocyte count, hepatopancreatic parameters, antioxidant variables, and histopathological markers were all assessed in the crayfish. The results revealed that PG and MPs potentially individually or combined altered the hemocyte count (including granular and semigranular) compared to control group (0.001 ≥ p < 0.0001). The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and protein showed significant elevation ( p < 0.05) in PG–MP‐exposed fish compared to control ones. In comparison to control P. clarkii , the measured oxidation indicators, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), showed a significant reduction after single exposure to PG and MPs (0.001 > p < 0.0001), while catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) elevated drastically (0.05 > p < 0.0001). The histology of the hepatopancreas has shown many deformities and abnormalities after individual or combined toxicity, such as vacuolations, degraded hepatopancreatic tubules, eosinophilic deposits, hemocytic infiltrations, and aberrant tubules. Accordingly, there is a synergistic relationship between PG and MP toxicity to crayfish. Therefore, it is crucial to routinely check and assess the discharge of waste into waterways.

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