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Adsorption-desorption of propyrisulfuron in six typical agricultural soils of China: Kinetics, thermodynamics, influence of 38 environmental factors and its mechanisms
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This study investigated how the common herbicide propyrisulfuron behaves in six different Chinese agricultural soils, and notably found that microplastic contamination in the soil was one of 38 environmental factors influencing how much of the herbicide was adsorbed. The herbicide bound tightly enough to soil particles that residues could persist and potentially leach into groundwater with continued use. The incidental finding about microplastic influence on herbicide adsorption points to a broader issue: microplastics in farmland soils may alter the behavior of pesticides and other agrochemicals, with implications for both crop safety and water quality.
Propyrisulfuron, a novel sulfonylurea herbicide, effectively suppresses intracellular acetolactate synthase activity for weed control, but its adsorption behavior in the soil environment remains unclear. To assess potential agroecosystem risks, the adsorption-desorption behavior and mechanism of propyrisulfuron in six typical agricultural soils of China were investigated using a batch equilibrium method, Density Functional Theory (DFT), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques. It is indicated that the adsorption-desorption of propyrisulfuron in six soils reached equilibrium at 36 h under the optimum water-to-soil ratio (WSr) of 5:1. Adsorption kinetics followed the quasi-second-order kinetic model, while the Freundlich model best described the adsorption process at equilibrium. The adsorption and desorption were significantly and positively correlated with soil clay content, and 38 environmental factors had varying degrees of influence on its adsorption properties, especially those influenced by microplastics (MPs). Furthermore, the adsorption of propyrisulfuron in six soils was primarily a spontaneous, non-homogeneous, and non-ideal physical process, and special strong forces, such as hydrogen bonding might be involved. Consequently, due to its continuous application, potential persistent residues and pollution may occur in some soils. The investigations systematically reported the adsorption-desorption behavior of propyrisulfuron in various agricultural soils for the first time, providing scientific guidance for environmental risk assessment of groundwater pollution caused by its continuous application in agro-ecosystems.
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