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Effect of Aquatic Pollution on Fish in Libya: A Review
Summary
This review of aquatic pollution in Libyan waters identified heavy metals, microplastics, PAHs, and artificial detergents as major contaminants from industrial, petrochemical, and agricultural sources, documenting their harmful biological effects on fish species along Libya's coastline.
Aquatic pollution has a serious negative influence on Libya's vast coastline, endangering both human health and marine ecosystems. This paper highlights the main contaminants, their sources, and the biological effects of water pollution on fish species in Libyan waters. Heavy metals (mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium), microplastics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and artificial detergents such as sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) are important contaminants. Industrial discharges, untreated wastewater, petrochemical operations, and agricultural runoff are the sources of these contaminants.They cause genetic harm, physiological changes, and ecotoxicological concerns in fish species, which may cause cancer in humans who consume them. Food security and marine biodiversity are at risk because elevated pollutant levels frequently surpass global safety criteria established by the FAO and WHO. In order to protect Libya's marine ecosystems and coastal communities, this report emphasises the urgent need for stronger legislation, improved environmental monitoring, and efficient mitigation strategies.