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Simulasi Respon Material PLA Berstruktur Sandwich pada Turbin Angin Helix Savonius Airfoil Shape Blade
Summary
This paper is not about microplastics; it is an Indonesian-language engineering study simulating the structural response of PLA sandwich-material blades for a Savonius helical wind turbine under different wind loads.
Dalam meningkatkan kekuatan struktural turbin angin Savonius, optimasi desain bilah dan pemilihan material menjadi faktor penting terutama untuk operasi pada kecepatan angin rendah. Turbin helix Savonius diketahui memiliki performa lebih baik dibandingkan model konvensional karena desain spiralnya yang menstabilkan torsi, sementara penggunaan airfoil shape blade mampu meningkatkan torsi hingga 10% dibanding tipe U tradisional. Pada penelitian ini, material PLA dipilih karena ringan dan ramah lingkungan, meskipun memiliki kelemahan berupa titik leleh rendah dan sifat rapuh. Untuk meningkatkan performa mekanisnya, digunakan dua variasi struktur, yaitu struktur solid sebagai kontrol dan struktur sandwich re-entrant sebagai struktur inti. Pengujian three-point bending menunjukkan bahwa struktur solid memiliki flexural strength tertinggi sebesar 55 MPa, sedangkan struktur re-entrant memiliki nilai 48,11 MPa. Namun hasil simulasi statis menggunakan Finite Element Method (FEM) memperlihatkan bahwa struktur re-entrant mampu mendistribusikan tegangan Von Mises lebih merata sehingga menurunkan konsentrasi stress pada area kritis blade. Sebaliknya, struktur solid menunjukkan total deformation paling kecil pada pembebanan 0,049 N untuk blade dan 0,1225 N untuk rangkaian turbin, yang menandakan kekakuan struktural lebih tinggi. Hasil simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) pada kecepatan angin 2 m/s menunjukkan bahwa struktur re-entrant menghasilkan pola aliran yang lebih stabil. Secara keseluruhan, struktur solid unggul dalam kekakuan dan flexural strength, sedangkan struktur re-entrant lebih baik dalam distribusi tegangan dan respons aerodinamik.
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