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Form and Function: The Factors That Influence the Efficacy of Nanomaterials for Gene Transfer to Plants

Molecules 2025 5 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 63 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Zhila Osmani, Zhila Osmani, Marianna Kulka

Summary

This review discusses using nanoparticles to deliver genes into plant cells for crop improvement, covering factors like particle size, cell wall barriers, and potential toxicity concerns. While focused on agricultural biotechnology rather than microplastics directly, it highlights how nanoscale particles interact with plant biology. Understanding how tiny particles enter and affect plant cells is relevant to research on how nanoplastics may similarly penetrate food crops.

Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated gene delivery offers a promising alternative to traditional methods in plant biotechnology, facilitating genetic transformations with enhanced precision and efficiency. This review discusses key factors influencing NP efficacy, including plant cell wall composition, DNA/NP ratios, exposure time, cargo loading, and post-transformation assessments. We explore the challenges of NP cytotoxicity, transformation efficiency, and regeneration while addressing environmental impacts and regulatory considerations. We emphasize the potential for stimulus-responsive NPs and scalable delivery methods to optimize gene editing in agriculture.

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