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A Comprehensive Review on the Thermochemical Treatment of Plastic Waste to Produce High Value Products for Different Applications
Summary
This review summarizes methods for converting plastic waste into valuable products using high-temperature chemical processes like pyrolysis and plasma technology. These approaches can produce hydrogen fuel, carbon nanotubes, and other useful materials from plastic that would otherwise become pollution. Reducing plastic waste through better recycling technology is important because most microplastic pollution originates from improperly managed plastic products.
Abstract Managing plastic waste is challenging due to its non-biodegradable nature, high volume of production, and the varying properties of different types of plastic, making it difficult to recycle effectively and efficiently. This comprehensive review examines thermochemical treatments of plastic waste for producing high-value by-products, focusing on pyrolysis and plasma technologies as promising solutions to these challenges. The review analyses various pyrolysis methods, including conventional, catalytic, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, detailing their effects on product yield and quality. It explores the production of valuable byproducts such as hydrogen, carbon nanotubes, and graphene from plastic waste, highlighting the influence of process parameters and feedstock composition. Additionally, the review discusses plasma technology as an emerging method for plastic waste treatment, comparing different plasma types (DC/AC arc, RF, and microwave) and their applications. The paper critically evaluates the advantages and challenges of each technology, emphasising their potential for creating a circular economy. Unlike existing reviews, which often focus on individual technologies or specific applications, this work provides an integrated analysis of advanced thermochemical methods and their synergistic potential for high-value product synthesis, while also addressing industrial-scale implementation challenges. Future research directions are identified, including optimizing process conditions, developing more efficient catalysts, and scaling up technologies for commercial applications. Furthermore, the review underscores the broader environmental and socio-economic benefits of these advancements, such as reducing plastic pollution, decreasing reliance on virgin resources, and supporting sustainable development goals. This review provides a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals seeking to advance plastic waste recycling technologies and contribute to sustainable waste management solutions.
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