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Tris(2,4-di-<i>tert</i>-butylphenyl) Phosphate Is the Key Toxicant in Aged Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics to Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Roots

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology 2025 5 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 63 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Xinhua Zhan Huiqian Wang, Huiqian Wang, Huiqian Wang, Xinhua Zhan Jiawei Wang, Yuan He, Yuan He, Yuan He, Qian Yang, Huiqian Wang, Dongru Wang, Yuan He, Yuan He, Yuan He, Dongru Wang, Huiqian Wang, Dongru Wang, Dongru Wang, Qiuping Zheng, Qiuping Zheng, Qiuping Zheng, Qian Yang, Qiuping Zheng, Huiqian Wang, Yuan He, Dongru Wang, Qiuping Zheng, Yuan He, Qiuping Zheng, Yuan He, Qiuping Zheng, Qiuping Zheng, Dongru Wang, Yuan He, Qian Yang, Jiawei Wang, Qiuping Zheng, Yuan He, Dongru Wang, Yuan He, Qian Yang, Yuan He, Dongru Wang, Yuan He, Qiuping Zheng, Qian Yang, Dongru Wang, Jiawei Wang, Dongru Wang, Jiawei Wang, Huiqian Wang, Jiawei Wang, Xinhua Zhan Xinhua Zhan Yuan He, Qian Yang, Huiqian Wang, Jiawei Wang, Yuan He, Yuan He, Jiawei Wang, Jiani Du, Xinhua Zhan Jiani Du, Yuan He, Qian Yang, Jiawei Wang, Xinhua Zhan Xinhua Zhan Jiani Du, Yuan He, Jiani Du, Xinhua Zhan Xinhua Zhan Yuan He, Jiawei Wang, Jiawei Wang, Qiuping Zheng, Xinhua Zhan Xinhua Zhan Jiawei Wang, Qiuping Zheng, Jiawei Wang, Xinhua Zhan

Summary

Scientists identified a specific chemical additive called Irgafos 168-ox as the main toxic substance released from aged PVC microplastics, causing oxidative stress and reduced growth in wheat roots. This additive was more harmful than other PVC-derived chemicals, and combining multiple additives made the damage worse. The research shows that the chemical additives leaching from microplastics in soil may be more dangerous to food crops than the plastic particles themselves.

Polymers

PVC

Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) pollution is drawing increasing attention, especially due to concerns about the environmental safety of the diverse additives that they contain. To date, few ecotoxicity data are available for PVC MP-derived chemicals. Here, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling roots were used to comparatively evaluate the toxicity of three commonly studied PVC MP-derived chemicals (2,4-dimethyl-6-s-hexadecylphenol─Irganox 1076 and tris (2,4-ditert-butylphenyl) phosphate─Irgafos 168-ox, and erucamide─Eru). These chemicals were evaluated individually and in combination. Exposure to these chemicals caused dose-dependent reductions in root dry weight (0.39%–19.29%) and root length (0.11%–8.15%). While Irganox 1076 and Eru had minimal impact on root activity and the antioxidant system, Irgafos 168-ox and its mixture induced significant elevations of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and APX) activities and antioxidants (AsA and GSH) concentrations in the roots, enhancing the antioxidant level. Our findings indicate that the coexposure of PVC MP-derived chemicals exerts an additive effect on antioxidant response inhibition. Irgafos 168-ox showed stronger effects with the maximum toxic concentration of 10 mg L–1, whether alone or in additive mixtures, due to its higher potential for root accumulation and oxidative stress induction. These results highlight the need for further research into ecological risks of PVC MP-derived chemicals, particularly under combined exposure scenarios.

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