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Forever Chemicals PFAS Global Impact and Activities, Cascading Consequences of Colossal Systems Failure: Long-Term Health Effects, Food-Systems, Eco-Systems
Summary
This comprehensive review examines PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) contamination across food, water, and consumer products, highlighting their interconnection with microplastic pollution. The authors document decades of delayed regulatory action and cover-ups that have contributed to widespread human exposure. Evidence indicates long-term health effects from PFAS exposure, and the review calls for stronger risk assessment tools and policy responses to address this persistent chemical contamination.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found everywhere including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. This review introduces PFAS comprehensively, discussing their nature, identifying the interconnection with microplastics, and their impacts on public health and the environment. The Human cost of decades of delay, cover-ups, and mismanagement of PFAS and plastic waste has been outlined and briefly explained. Following that PFAS and long-term health effects have been criti-cally assessed. Risk assessment has then been critically reviewed mentioning different tools and models. Scientific Research and Health Impacts in the United States of America have been critically analyzed tak-ing into consideration the Center for Disease Control (CDC) PFAS Medical Studies and Guidelines. PFAS impact, activities, and studies around the world have focused on PFAS Levels in Food Products and Dietary Intake in Different Countries such as China, European countries, USA and Australia. Moreover, PFAS in Drinking Water and Food have been outlined with regard to risks, mitigation, and reg-ulatory needs taking into account chemical contaminants in food and their Impact on health and safety. Finally, PFAS impact and activities briefings specific to regions around the world refer to Australia, Vi-etnam, Canada, Europe, and the United States of America. Crisis Multi-Faceted Issue, exacerbated by mismanagement has been discussed in the context of applying problem-solving analytical tools: the Domino Effect Model of accident causation, the Swiss Cheese Theory Model, and the Ishikawa Fish Bone Root Cause Analyses. Last but not least, the PFAS impact on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of 2030 has been rigorously discussed.