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Microplastics Settling in Turbid Water: Impacts of Sediments-Induced Flow Patterns on Particle Deposition Rates
Summary
Researchers studied how suspended natural sediments in turbid water affect the settling rates of microplastics. They found that the presence of fine clay and silt particles significantly increased microplastic deposition rates by creating downward flow patterns that drag the plastics along. The findings suggest that in naturally murky waters, microplastics may settle to the bottom faster than previously assumed, potentially concentrating pollution in sediment layers.
When microplastics (MPs) enter water bodies, they undergo various transport processes, including sedimentation, which can be influenced by factors such as particle size, density, and interactions with other particles. Surface waters contain suspended natural particles (e.g., clay and silt), which may impact MP settling rates. Here, we investigated how the presence of suspended sediments (SS) influenced the deposition patterns and rates of MPs in turbid waters. We systematically analyzed the settling velocities of particles, including different MP sizes and SS concentrations, in a plexiglass column with a camera array. For each experimental variant, we collected data on thousands of individual MPs, strengthening the statistical analysis of the particles' velocities. Simultaneous measurements of the SS flow and MPs trajectories revealed that the SS induced complex flow patterns, with MPs spending more time in downwelling flow regions, thereby accelerating MPs sedimentation. This effect was more pronounced when SS were aggregated. Additionally, we found that smaller MP fragments were more affected by the fluctuations than spheres or larger fragments. Collectively, our results provide valuable data for future MP fate models and help to understand the sedimentation processes of MPs in natural waters, which is crucial for assessing their environmental transport and impact.