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Multifunctional Roles and Ecological Implications of Nano-Enabled Technologies in Oryza sativa Production Systems: A Comprehensive Review
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This review examined the use of nano-enabled technologies in rice farming, covering their roles in boosting plant resilience, nutrient uptake, and the efficiency of fertilizers and pesticides. Researchers identified nanoplastic pollution as an emerging concern within agricultural systems alongside more established issues like heavy metal stress. The study calls for standardized environmental risk assessments before these technologies can be widely adopted in food production.
Micro-nanomaterials have garnered significant attention in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation due to their unique physicochemical properties. This study reviews the multifunctional applications of micro-nanomaterials in enhancing rice resilience, promoting nutrient uptake, improving photosynthetic efficiency, and increasing the utilization rates of fertilizers and pesticides. Using keyword and clustering analyses, this review identifies key research hotspots and emerging trends in the field, including heavy metal stress, nanoplastic pollution, and biochar applications. While early studies predominantly focused on the synthesis and characterization of these materials, recent research has shifted towards evaluating their comprehensive ecological impacts on rice production systems. Despite the promising potential of micro-nanomaterials in improving rice yield and quality while supporting sustainable agriculture, concerns about their long-term accumulation in ecosystems and potential toxicity remain unresolved. Future research should prioritize the development of cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly micro-nanomaterials and establish standardized frameworks for ecological risk assessments to facilitate their large-scale agricultural application. This study provides theoretical insights and practical references for advancing micro-nanotechnology in global food security and sustainable agriculture.
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Ecological and physiological risks of micro- and nanoplastics in rice agroecosystems: Challenges and engineering-based mitigation approaches
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Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics harm rice — a staple crop feeding billions — by disrupting root growth, reducing photosynthesis, altering soil microbes, and making heavy metals more available to plants. The review proposes that ecological engineering strategies like microbial bioremediation and organic soil amendments could help protect agricultural land from plastic contamination.
Fate of nano/microplastics and associated toxic pollutants in paddy ecosystems: Current knowledge and future perspectives
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Researchers reviewed how micro- and nanoplastics enter rice paddies through irrigation, mulch films, and atmospheric deposition, then harm soil health and rice plant growth by disrupting nutrient cycles and increasing oxidative stress. Their findings are especially significant because rice feeds more than half the world's population, yet research on plastic contamination in paddy systems remains very limited.
Breaching the Root Barrier: Uptake Pathways, Rhizosphere Microenvironment Regulation, and Physiological Metabolic Responses of Rice to Nanomaterials
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This review pulls together existing research on how tiny plastic particles and engineered nanoparticles in soil get absorbed by rice plants through their roots — a concerning entry point since rice is a dietary staple for billions of people. The findings show these particles act like a "Trojan horse," potentially carrying heavy metals and other contaminants into the rice grains we eat, while some engineered nanoparticles could actually help protect plants if designed carefully. The takeaway: as plastic pollution and nanotechnology use grow, more research is needed to understand what's actually ending up on our plates and how to keep it safe.
Life-long impacts of nanoplastics to rice plant (Oryza sativa L.): Decreased grain yield with perturbed metallome and soil microbiome
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Researchers studied how nano-sized PET plastic particles affect rice plants throughout their entire life cycle at concentrations found in real-world environments. They found that nanoplastic exposure reduced grain quality and yield, disrupted mineral nutrient balance, and significantly altered the soil microbial community. The study highlights a potential threat to global food security, since rice is a staple food for billions of people.
Effects of nanoplastics on the growth, transcription, and metabolism of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and synergistic effects in the presence of iron plaque and humic acid
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This study examined how nanoplastics affect rice plant growth, finding that the tiny particles were absorbed by roots and entered plant cells. Nanoplastic exposure reduced important enzyme activity and protein levels in roots, disrupting normal plant metabolism. The presence of iron plaque and humic acid in the soil changed how much nanoplastic the plants took up, suggesting that real-world soil conditions play a key role in how crops are affected.
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